These albums (now just a single disc) were so profitable for the record companies that they began releasing more and more popular music on LP rather than as singles.
33 RPM RECORD PLAYERS MOVIE
Soon, record companies discovered that the growing popularity of Broadway show tunes and movie soundtracks helped LP sales, because these types of recordings were usually released as sets of discs called albums. Engineers easily adapted record players to accommodate both types of discs as well as the older 78-rpm singles. Within a few years, however, most record companies had adopted both the LP and the 45-rpm formats, using the 45-rpm for singles and the LP for classical albums. The LP was not intended to hold short songs like the 45-rpm, but was for classical music, which often ran for 20 minutes or more without a break. It was also made of vinyl plastic, and had very fine grooves, but it was a different size and speed than the 45-rpm and could not be played on the same phonograph without modifications. The development of the LP dates back to 1945, and was the work of CBS research director Peter Goldmark and other engineers at CBS. World War II interrupted this work, but the new 45-rpm disc and its player were introduced with great fanfare in late 1947.Īt about the same time, CBS Record Company (the successor to Columbia Phonograph Company established in the early days of the phonograph) introduced its 12-inch, 33 1/3-rpm, long playing record. They used a new plastic material, called vinylite, which resulted in the playing stylus picking up less noise and hiss. This meant that they could pack in more grooves in a smaller space.
In order to make the disc smaller than the 10-inch, 78-rpm discs used since the 1890s, they reduced the speed to 45-rpm and used a much finer groove.
But when the RCA Company began work on an improved disc in the mid-1940s, they stuck to the idea that a record should not have to hold more than one song. Sometimes record companies issued longer recordings on large, 12-inch discs. Since the beginning of the phonograph, most records had played for about two or three minutes. The long playing (LP) record and the 45-rpm disc were two different approaches to high fidelity music, introduced by two different companies in the late 1940s.
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